Unveiling the Distinction Between Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats: Two Majestic Guardians of India’s Heritage

The Western Ghats, also known as the Sahyadri Mountains, grace the western edge of the Indian peninsula, forming a continuous chain that stretches along the Indian states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. These mountains stand as a colossal backdrop to the Konkan Coast, towering over 1,200 meters in elevation.

In contrast, the Eastern Ghats, less imposing in height, rise along the eastern coast of the peninsula. Their undulating peaks and plateaus form a discontinuous chain traversing the states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and West Bengal. Their presence is more subdued, rarely exceeding 900 meters in elevation.

Geological Framework

The Western Ghats owe their existence to the Deccan Plateau, a landmass formed by ancient volcanic eruptions. Their slopes descend abruptly into the Arabian Sea, showcasing stark cliffs and dramatic escarpments. The core of the range is composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks, rendering them abundant in minerals and gemstones.

The Eastern Ghats, on the other hand, are formed primarily of gneiss and granulite rocks. Their gentler slopes blend seamlessly into the landscape, forming a mosaic of hills, valleys, and plateaus. The absence of major faulting and folding endows them with a more stable geological structure.

Ecological Havens

Both the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats are biodiversity hotspots, brimming with an astonishing array of flora and fauna. The Western Ghats, particularly, are recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Their rain-drenched slopes nurture a profusion of tropical rainforests, home to nearly 5,000 plant species, many of which are endemic to the region. The forests are also a haven for endangered animal species, including tigers, elephants, and Nilgiri tahrs.

The Eastern Ghats, though less biologically diverse, boast a unique ecosystem adapted to the drier conditions. Their scrub forests and savanna grasslands support a range of species, including elephants, Indian bison, and chital deer.

Image: edukar.in

Climatic Contrasts

The Western Ghats’ proximity to the Arabian Sea exerts a profound impact on its climate. The range acts as a rain-bearing barrier, intercepting moisture-laden winds and inducing abundant rainfall on its western slopes. The Eastern Ghats, farther from the sea, experience a drier climate. Their lesser altitude also results in less rainfall, contributing to the significant climatic disparity between the two mountain ranges.

Cultural Significance

Beyond their natural beauty and ecological significance, the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats hold immense cultural and religious value for the people of India. Numerous pilgrimage sites and sacred groves are nestled within their embrace. The Western Ghats, in particular, are the birthplace of several rivers considered sacred in Hinduism, including the Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri.

What Is The Difference Between Western Ghats And Eastern Ghats

Conclusion

The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats are two distinct, yet equally majestic mountain ranges that enrich India’s geological, ecological, and cultural heritage. Their towering heights, diverse ecosystems, and historical significance continue to captivate and inspire generations of travelers, nature enthusiasts, and geologists alike. Understanding their differences not only enhances our appreciation for the remarkable diversity of our planet but also highlights the importance of preserving these natural wonders for posterity.